Posted: May 5th, 2022

According to Elmore, what are the two critically flawed assumptions of the Top-Down Approach?

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Richard Elmore agrees with Sabatier and Mazmanian that policies are often vague, contradictory, and lacking any appreciation for how they’ll be implemented. And yet: he has a diametrically opposed approach to addressing “the implementation dilemma.”
Summarize Elmore’s “Bottom-Up” approach to implementation. (Your answer might consider the following questions)
According to Elmore, what are the two critically flawed assumptions of the Top-Down Approach?
How do these problematic assumptions undermine effective policy implementation? How is too much oversight and control a problematic thing?
Elmore’s preferred “Bottom-Up” or “Backward Mapping” Approach turns implementation on its head in a way. Explain that. How does he recast the traditional “Principal-Agent” relationship?
Think about the central metaphor of the class and the distinction btw the abstract world of the legislature vs. the messy world of street-level reality (the hairball of empirical reality). ALL implementation researchers appreciate the fact that coming down from the abstract world of policy to the Hairball of Street Level Reality is harder than it seems on paper. They have different ways of dealing with the problem (top-down vs. bottom-up approaches) but they all agree that Policy Makers can be a bit “out of touch”.
Elmore, R. F. (1979-80). Backward mapping: Implementation research and policy decisions. Political Science Quarterly, 94(4).
Sabatier, P., & Mazmanian, D. (1979). The conditions of effective implementation: A guide to accomplishing policy objectives. Policy Analysis, 5(4), 481-502.

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