Posted: November 11th, 2022

(centers for disease control and prevention [cdc], 2022)

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You will respond to another classmate with a substantive comment to move the science discussion forward in minimum 100, maximum 150 words in an area you are interested in after reading the main discussion.
Marburg virus disease, previously known as Marburg hemorrhagic fever, is caused by a rare but severe RNA virus in the filovirus family. This reemerging zoonotic disease was first reported in 1967 simultaneously in Germany and what is now Serbia. In the last two decades, there have been outbreaks in Angola between 2004-2005, Guinea West Africa in 2021, and most recently in Ghana West Africa in June 2022. Due to the number of cases being almost nonexistent in between outbreaks, this disease is considered reemerging. Marburg virus is indistinguishable from other tropical febrile viruses in its early stages and carries a high fatality rate of 88% (World Health Organization [WHO], 2022).
Marburg virus is zoonotic and mostly affects humans and non-human primates. Although it is not currently fully understood how it is transmitted from animal to human, the most likely cause is exposure to fecal material or aerosols from the infected bat species Rousettus aegyptiacus. After this initial infection, it is spread person-to-person through direct contact with bodily fluids such as blood or saliva. Studies have shown the virus can remain in certain bodily fluids including semen even after an individual has recovered and is no longer symptomatic from the virus. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2022)
The incubation period is between 2-21 days and is followed by severe and sudden onset of symptoms of fever, chills, headache, muscle pain. Symptoms continue to progress and worsen into nausea, vomiting, chest and abdominal pain, jaundice, pancreatic inflammation, delirium, shock, and multi-organ failure. Due to its ability to look like many other viruses including Ebola and Malaria, Marburg virus is difficult to diagnose. Antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing can be used to confirm a case of Marburg virus. There is no treatment for the virus at this time, just supportive care provided by the hospital in response to symptoms including intravenous fluids, maintaining oxygen levels, and treating any infections noted. Avoiding fruit bats and ill non-human primates as well as people who are suspected or confirmed to have Marburg virus are important measures to prevent the spread of the virus. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2022)

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