Posted: August 5th, 2022

DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP ACROSS DIFFERENT POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CONTEXTS IN SLOVENIA

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DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP ACROSS DIFFERENT POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CONTEXTS IN SLOVENIA Research topic The current understanding of female entrepreneurs is limited by a lack of research, which is well known and well-documented (Jennings & Brush, 2013; Henry et al., 2016). Previous literature reviews show that female entrepreneurship studies are less than 10% of all entrepreneurship studies (Brush & Cooper, 2002). Female entrepreneurs and women-owned businesses are a rapidly growing entrepreneurial population in the world (Brush & Cooper, 2012). They are essential for employment, wealth creation, and innovation across economies (Brush et al., 2006; Brush & Cooper, 2012). The results of the 2018 / 2019 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor on female entrepreneurs shows some impressive results from a real-world perspective. For example, total entrepreneurial activity (TEA) for women is 10.2%. Interestingly, low-income countries (e.g., sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America) have the highest rates of female TEA at 15.1%, along with the smallest TEA gender gap. In high-income, developed countries, female TEA falls to 8.1% with a gender gap of around two-thirds (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2019). Similarly, the highest rates of entrepreneurial intentions among females are present in MENA (36.6%). In contrast, women in Europe (8.5%) report the lowest rates (ibid). Since the 1980s researchers are examining differences between female and male entrepreneurs. Jennings & Brush (2013) write that research on female entrepreneurship combines two broader scholarship areas: (1) the gender and occupations studies; and (2) feminist theory and education. Current studies on female entrepreneurship are mainly based on the traditional male-female dyad. Most of the research tries to examine female entrepreneurship by comparing it with men. These studies mostly look at the differences in motives for entrepreneurship, personality and leadership traits, business characteristics, factors that support or block entrepreneurship, and others. (Jennings & Brush, 2013; Rey-Martí et al., 2015). Research on female entrepreneurship looks at topics that reflect research on entrepreneurship in general. However, research on female entrepreneurship should be different in several ways (Jennings & Brush, 2013): (1) by defining entrepreneurship as a gendered phenomenon; (2) by recognizing the co-existence of necessity and opportunity in entrepreneurship; (3) by recognizing goals beyond economic gain.

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