Posted: October 12th, 2022

Discuss personality traits.

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Expected employee behavior consists of do and donts in an organization,these behavior can affect directly or indirectly the effectiveness of the organization.Organizations expect emloyees to contribute towards achieving the goals of the organization by behaving in a way that enhances performance.An organizational citizen is some one who goes beyound the call of duty, by helping others in achieving the goals of the organization.Individual organizational variables,work groups and social factor contributes to increasing or reducing organizational citizenship.Corporate culture can also play a role in organizational citizenship.Counter productive behaviors affects organizational performance, this could be inthe form of absentism that can lead to high turn overs.Employees have individual differencies and personal attributes that varies from person to person.These attributes could contribute or reduce organizational citizenship.Each person is unique with a personality trait and attitude.There are five types of personality traits.These are agreeableness, counscientness,emotionality,extraversionand openness. Page 249, fig.8-1.These traits can be used to understand the different personalities of employees.According to Myers-Briggs framework for understanding personality, there are four general dimensions.These are:Extraversion versus introversion, sensing versus intuition, thinking versus feeling,and judging versus perceiving.Page 251.
Other traits are locus of control,this involves a belief that peoples behavior contributes to what happens to them.Some people belief that what happens to us is determined by faith,luck or other behavior.A persons self efficacy trait also affects performance. A person with high self efficacy does not have self dout, such a person believes they can do well in the job. A person with low self efficacy is doutful of their ability.People with athoritarianism trait personality believes that power and status is needed in an organization.A person with high authoritarism trait gives and take directives without questions.A person with low authoritarianism trait is more likely to question directives.Machiavalianism trait people will do anything to gain power and contron others, while people with low machiavalism trait are more emotional about power and will do less to gain power.Self esteem is the extent people belief they are worth much.People with high self esteem are confident, while low self esteem people are not very confident.Other personality trats includes,risk propensity.High risk propensity trait people are willing to take risk, while low risk propensity people are not willing to take risk.
There are different motivation concepts and theries.The classical theory of motivation beliefs that workers are motivated only by money, according to Frederick Taylor in his scientific management.Harthorn Effect believes that workers will do more if they are given special attention.The human Resources school model beliefs that, workers belongs to two theories, theory X and theory Y.See table 8-1,Page 257.
Maslows hierachy of human needs model categorises human needs into five groups for motivation.The first need is physiological needs, followed by security needs and social needs.These are followed by esteem needs and self actualization needs.Page 258, Fig.8-3.It is important to make jobs interesting and rewarding, it is also equally importantto motivate workers.One method is systematic rewards and punishment. In this method, desired behavior can be achieved through positive reinforcement, this is when rewards are tied to performance.Punishment is when unpleasant consequencies are applied as result of undesirable behavior.. Some organizations encourages social learning for workers, it entails learning by observing the behavior of others and the result,and altering ones behavior to get the same result.Some organizations pratice management by objective, it involves,setting goals with workers,and evaluating progress.Workers can also be motivated by engaging in consultative and participative management and empowerment.This involves giving workers a voice in the management of their jobs.Other methods of motivating workers and increasing job satisfaction is through modifying work scedules. This could be in the form of work-share program, flextime program and alternative work places.These methods have advantages and disadvantages,Page266-267.
QUESTIONS.
1 Discuss personality traits.
2 Discuss marslows hierachy of needs heory.
3 Discuss forms of behavior that employees exhibit in organizations.
WEEK FIVE, CHAPTER 9, LEADERSHIP AND DECISION MAKING
Expected employee behavior consists of do and donts in an organization,these behavior can affect directly or indirectly the effectiveness of the organization.Organizations expect emloyees to contribute towards achieving the goals of the organization by behaving in a way that enhances performance.An organizational citizen is some one who goes beyound the call of duty, by helping others in achieving the goals of the organization.Individual organizational variables,work groups and social factor contributes to increasing or reducing organizational citizenship.Corporate culture can also play a role in organizational citizenship.Counter productive behaviors affects organizational performance, this could be inthe form of absentism that can lead to high turn overs.Employees have individual differencies and personal attributes that varies from person to person.These attributes could contribute or reduce organizational citizenship.Each person is unique with a personality trait and attitude.There are five types of personality traits.These are agreeableness, counscientness,emotionality,extraversionand openness. Page 249, fig.8-1.These traits can be used to understand the different personalities of employees.According to Myers-Briggs framework for understanding personality, there are four general dimensions.These are:Extraversion versus introversion, sensing versus intuition, thinking versus feeling,and judging versus perceiving.Page 251.
Other traits are locus of control,this involves a belief that peoples behavior contributes to what happens to them.Some people belief that what happens to us is determined by faith,luck or other behavior.A persons self efficacy trait also affects performance. A person with high self efficacy does not have self dout, such a person believes they can do well in the job. A person with low self efficacy is doutful of their ability.People with athoritarianism trait personality believes that power and status is needed in an organization.A person with high authoritarism trait gives and take directives without questions.A person with low authoritarianism trait is more likely to question directives.Machiavalianism trait people will do anything to gain power and contron others, while people with low machiavalism trait are more emotional about power and will do less to gain power.Self esteem is the extent people belief they are worth much.People with high self esteem are confident, while low self esteem people are not very confident.Other personality trats includes,risk propensity.High risk propensity trait people are willing to take risk, while low risk propensity people are not willing to take risk.
There are different motivation concepts and theries.The classical theory of motivation beliefs that workers are motivated only by money, according to Frederick Taylor in his scientific management.Harthorn Effect believes that workers will do more if they are given special attention.The human Resources school model beliefs that, workers belongs to two theories, theory X and theory Y.See table 8-1,Page 257.
Maslows hierachy of human needs model categorises human needs into five groups for motivation.The first need is physiological needs, followed by security needs and social needs.These are followed by esteem needs and self actualization needs.Page 258, Fig.8-3.It is important to make jobs interesting and rewarding, it is also equally importantto motivate workers.One method is systematic rewards and punishment. In this method, desired behavior can be achieved through positive reinforcement, this is when rewards are tied to performance.Punishment is when unpleasant consequencies are applied as result of undesirable behavior.. Some organizations encourages social learning for workers, it entails learning by observing the behavior of others and the result,and altering ones behavior to get the same result.Some organizations pratice management by objective, it involves,setting goals with workers,and evaluating progress.Workers can also be motivated by engaging in consultative and participative management and empowerment.This involves giving workers a voice in the management of their jobs.Other methods of motivating workers and increasing job satisfaction is through modifying work scedules. This could be in the form of work-share program, flextime program and alternative work places.These methods have advantages and disadvantages,Page266-267.
QUESTIONS.
1 Discuss personality traits.
2 Discuss marslows hierachy of needs heory.
3 Discuss forms of behavior that employees exhibit in organizations.
Note You are allowed to answbcier the questions in brief paragraphs.

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