Posted: May 9th, 2022

How have the profit motive, patents, and financial patronage (e.g. gifts and grants) intersected with the development of science?

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Questions: Question 1:
How have the profit motive, patents, and financial patronage (e.g. gifts and grants) intersected with the development of science? In your answer consider both how the financial aspects of science have been discussed (whether in positive or negative terms) and effects of money received or sought by scientists. Make sure to consider examples covered in class from before WWII, examples from 1945-1970, and examples from 1970-2022.
Questions 2: Over the course of the 20th Century the relationship of science to democracy has been hotly debated. Choose at least threedebates and explain and evaluate how various Americans have understood this relationship. To what ends did they discuss the relationship? When they discussed the relationship were they content with how science and democracy were related, or did they seek change to science, politics, and/or both science and politics? When writing your essays aim for a clear thesis and narrative supported by relevant and specific evidence and arguments from primary and secondary sources that bear directly on the points at hand. Essay consists of two different questions. 3 pages per question. Aim is to answer the questions with a strong thesis and only using the sources below. (you dont have to use all the sources). Questions 1 Sources:
– Kennedy, Donald. “On Science at a Crossroads.” Daedalus 131, no. 3 (2002): 122-25.
– Donald J. Kevles, “Of Mice & Money: The Story of the World’s First Animal Patent,” Daedalus 131, no. 2 (2002): 78–88.
– Sally Smith Hughes, “Making Dollars out of DNA: The First Major Patent in Biotechnology and the Commercialization of Molecular Biology, 1974–1980.” Isis 92 (2001): 541-75
Question 2 sources:
– Buckley, “ The Ivory Tower” The National Review, February 22, 1956, p. 23.
– R.K. Merton, “The Normative Structure of Science,” in Merton, The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations (1973), 267-78 – Allen, Raymond B. “Communists Should Not Teach in American Colleges.” Educational Forum 13, no. 4: 433–440.
– Bjorn Lomborg, “The truth about the Environment,” Economist, August 4, 2001
– Wolfe, Competing with the Soviets, Chapters 4-5, pp. 55-89.
Movies are allowed to be used but the articles are prioritized. Movies:
War Games
Containment
Failsafe
Manchurian Candidate The Day After Trinity
V is For Vendetta
Don’t Look Up
*Note: I have attached the sources i could find.

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