Posted: September 14th, 2022

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Answer the following questions in no less than 400 words each on Water, Acids, Bases, and Buffers: 1) The start of life is on Earth is a complex subject, full of disagreements and controversy. The most commonly accepted theory is that certain molecules became linked together in ancient oceans, creating the building blocks of life. Explain how molecules and atoms may become linked to each other. Your answer should include ionic bonding, cations, anions, covalent bonding, protons, electrons, hydrogen bonding, and electronegativity. 2) Further, water can become acidic or basic depending on the solutes place in it. Most organisms are primarily composed of water. How, exactly, would altering the pH in a solution affect a living organism and how do organisms prevent large pH fluctuations? Your answer should include hydrogen ions, hydroxide ions, pH, weak acids, strong acids, and buffers.
-Double Spaced
-At least one in text citations is provided per paragraph in APA format (Author Last Name, Year) immediately after the first reference is made. -“References” is centered above reference body as a title, APA style references, Proper formatted indenting (all lines after first line of reference should be indented 0.5 inches)
-Describe the differences between the three subatomic particles (Provide at least one paragraph with examples)
-Describe the structure of an atom, including the nucleus and electron cloud (Provide at least one paragraph with examples)
-Adequately describes covalent bonding including a discussion of the octet rule, electronegativity, and polar covalent bonds (Provide at least one paragraph with examples)
-Describe ionic bonding including differences between cations and anions (Provide at least 1 paragraph with examples for each topic)
-Describe the chemical structure of water and why it is important to life (Provide at least 1 paragraph with examples for each topic)
-Describe differences between acids and bases as well as describing strong and weak acid, pH, and the pH scale (Provide at least 1 paragraph with examples for each topic)
-Describe the chemical function of a buffer including examples (Provide at least 1 paragraph with examples for each topic)

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