Posted: September 29th, 2022

What are the qualities and characteristics of a good interview or survey question?

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Please respond to each Discussion part 1, 2, and 3 separately in 250 words with references. Part1
Discussion 4: Research Questions Versus Interview Questions Key Concepts Qualities and Characteristics of a Good Research Question
Lowes (2021) noted that qualities and characteristics of good research questions set the foundation for the research project. They are focused, researchable, feasible, specific, complex, relevant, and they guide the way to the methodology for the study.
In a study driven to formulate a process for development of clinically relevant questions that serve purpose in qualitative research, Chakraborty et al. (2020) proposed that good qualitative research questions deliver real-world context to the clinical research setting. That is to say that the researchers of this study seem to believe that good research questions serve not only the research itself, but also the clinical settings that seek to gain from the research.
What Makes a Research Question Effective
Lester et al. (2021) suggested that research questions that are flexible and that can predict variability are effective. Some advantages of the flexibility and prediction of variability are that the such research questions pint to complexity within parameters of relevance. Lowes (2021) advised that complexity of research questions ensures an in-depth examination of what is in question. The relevance ensures that the examination is within the field of study of interest.
What Makes a Research Question Weak (and Why?)
According to Lowes (2021), research questions that are too general, overly simplified, or require little more than a simple yes or no answer are weak research questions. This is because such research questions do not offer the opportunity to probe into an issue and pinpoint an area of interest.
How a Researcher Can Develop a Robust Set of Research Questions
Cronje (2020) suggested researchers begin development of their research questions with what he referred to as “generic question stems” (p.13). These stems keep research students on point with their question development and help to ensure alignment of the research questions with the research aims and within the construct of the research paradigm. As the research student develops the research project, those question stems can be modified to a restatement of the question that might offer some variability, but not so much variability that the research question is in danger of falling out of alignment. This is an important consideration to the process of developing robust research questions. Qualities and Characteristics of Good Interview or Survey Questions
According to Roberts (2020), good interview questions provide structure to the interview, transparency of the methods of research used, and the opportunity for the interviewee to provide a detailed answer that will serve the goals of the researcher. Also, it is important to note that while the interview questions provide structure, the interview questions should also provide enough flexibility to enable the interviewee to provide an answer that serves the research beyond the detail pursued by the question itself.
Comparison
The information provided in the peer-reviewed articles were very much in agreement with the information provided in the module. Most notably, the research about developing research questions as a firm foundation to a research project aligned with the presentation offered by Lowes (2021).
Biblical Integration
Good research questions and good interview questions provide a researcher with the tools to examine many aspects of a problem. An examination is a critical exercise. When Paul directed the Thessalonians to examine everything, he advised them to use the examination to seek out what was good. Consider this declaration, “But examine everything carefully; hold fast to that which is good” (New American Standard Bible, 1971/1995, 1 Thessalonians 5:21). As researchers, and as Christians, we benefit from bringing this spirit of examination with purpose to our projects, always remembering that with an examination conducted through effective research we seek to reveal what is good.
References
Chakraborty, S., Brijnath, B., Dermentzis, J., & Mazza, D. (2020). Defining key questions for clinical practice guidelines: A novel approach for developing clinically relevant questions. Health Research Policy and Systems, 18(1), 1-113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-020-00628-3Links to an external site.
Cronje, J. C. (2020). Designing questions for research design and design research in e‑Learning. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 18(1), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.34190/EJEL.20.18.1.002Links to an external site.
Lester, H. F., Cullen-Lester, K. L., & Walters, R. W. (2021). From nuisance to novel research questions: Using multilevel models to predict heterogeneous variances. Organizational Research Methods, 24(2), 342-388. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428119887434Links to an external site.
Lowes, N. (2021). Research questions. [Canvas Video]. Liberty University. https://watch.liberty.edu/media/t/1_nw5bjy35Links to an external site.
New American Standard Bible. (1995). https://nasb.literalword.com/Links to an external site. (Original work published 1971)
Roberts, R. (2020). Qualitative interview questions: Guidance for novice researchers. Qualitative Report, 25(9), 3185-3203. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2020.4640
Part 2
What are the qualities and characteristics of a good research question?
Researchers have developed effective ways of conveying the message of creating a good research question, Fandino (2019). They have been given the acronym of PICOT (“population, intervention, comparator, outcome, and time frame”) and FINER (“feasible interesting, novel, ethical, and relevant”). A good research question must be ethical, significant, transparent, and feasible. For framing a good research question, the purpose of the research should be grounded on a theoretical framework, should be potential for recommending the directions for research in the future, should address the real issues in the world directly or indirectly, and should not be biased in position or terminology and should be simple and least manageable.
Describe what makes a research question effective
Mendes et al. (2020) stated some strategies for formulating a compelling research question.
The research question cannot be a fishing expedition – the research needs should be identified and spearfished.
It should have a specific question and an absolute specific hypothesis – the questions should be precise, followed by a determined hypothesis. The questions must sermon the reasonable gap in the literature – the question should address the gap in the literature.
Feasible – The researchers should consider the hindrances to testing their questions and the relevance analysis.
The primary outcome should be focused – The selection of the outcome should be supported by the objective and feasibility of the study.
Identify what can make a research question weak and why
There are specific ways to identify that a research question is weak; the first way is to assess the context of the question. By following the intended research design, when a research question is not formed, the question is weak as it is not connected with the relevant topic. When a double-barrelled question is formed, which is unanswerable, that is considered a weak research question. The reason is that the following question will not assist in continuing the research. When practical phenomenon influences are not applied in the question, and imperfect design is followed, research questions become weak. Attending the researcher’s bias sometimes is not evaluated, which is another reason for the weak research questions. Weak research questions will lead to less clarified and coherent research.
Explain how a researcher can develop a robust set of research questions
A researcher must articulate a positive lens for stimulating novel research questions. Learning, resources, and ethics are three domains through which a robust set of questions can be formed regarding the selected topic and by analyzing the problem-related current information (Spreitzer et al., 2021). Then indicative pathways can be illuminated to check the effectiveness of the research question. There are three significant pathways: capacity creating, resource unlocking, and strength building – a researcher should concatenate to build dense questions. Simple yet structured ways should be followed while developing research questions, and focused views should be maintained. A research question should not be too broad and not too narrow.
What are the qualities and characteristics of a good interview or survey question?
As the critical building blocks of scientific research, research questions and specific research methods are timely put forward to reveal the nature of the publication’s scientific novelty (Luo et al., 2022). To maintain scientific novelty, high-quality survey questions should be determined, and researchers must ensure that every character is present in the interview question. The interview questions’ length should be proper, and the language should be understandable. Those questions should also be appropriately organized and will be presented in analytical form. Survey questions have few characteristics, such as giving multiple options (good/fair/worst/moderate), never reflecting one’s opinion in research questions, and sufficient alternatives.
References Fandino, W. (2019). Formulating a good research question: Pearls and pitfalls. Indian journal of anesthesia, 63(8), 611. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC66916…
Luo, Z., Lu, W., He, J., & Wang, Y. (2022). Combination of research questions and methods: A new measurement of scientific novelty. Journal of Informetrics, 16(2), 101282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2022.101282
Mendes, A. J., Pacheco-Barrios, K., Gonzalez-Mego, P., Sanchez, A., & Fregni, F. (2020). Ten strategies to formulate a strong research question. Principles and Practice of Clinical Research, 6(2), 21-24. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21801/ppcrj.2020.62.4
Spreitzer, G., Myers, C. G., Kopelman, S., & Mayer, D. M. (2021). The conceptual and empirical value of a positive lens: An invitation to organizational scholars to develop novel research questions. Academy of Management Perspectives, 35(3), 517-534. https://davemmayer.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/11…
Part 3
What are the qualities and characteristics of a good research question?
The qualities and characteristics of a good research question include, but are not limited to, the ability to be answered with a particular research method, can be answered with data, and are feasible (Gordon, 2019). According to Gordon (2019), time, money, and access are the three primary factors affecting feasibility, and the research needs to be conducted in a manner that falls within these constraints. Good research questions cannot be answered with yes or no or only one or two words. Instead, good research questions provoke more thoughtful responses. Good research questions should include the unit of analysis or what is being measured. They should be stated clearly and accurately without using examples, parenthesis, or other details to make the question seem more straightforward (Gordon, 2019). While it is essential to create good research questions, others claim that there is no such thing as a “bad research question” and that if a question is not as good as it could be, it can be used as a valuable lesson to the researcher (Baril, Post, & Spieth, 2022). These authors claim that failure is a necessary part of the research process and can be used effectively to refine and strengthen research.
Describe what makes a research question effective.
Relevant, interesting, novel, feasible, appropriate, and ethical make a research question effective (Goldschmidt & Matthews, 2022). According to Markowski & Dineen (2018), effective research questions cannot be easily answered, cannot be easily disproved, and are often for a topic that there is not a lot of current research available.
Identify what can make a research question weak and why?
Research questions that relate to an expansive area of analysis are weak because they do not provide a narrowed focus for investigation (Markowski & Dineen, 2018). Thus, the results are often too broad to make reasonable arguments.
Explain how a researcher can develop a robust set of research questions?
According to Markowski & Dineen (2018), a researcher can develop a robust set of research questions by ensuring the following characteristics are not apparent for each question:
Can the question be answered too easily?
Can it be disproved?
Can the question be supported with factual evidence?
Are too many sources available that the researcher will not have the time or money to fully conduct the research?
What are the qualities and characteristics of good interview or survey questions?
Creating practical survey questions requires concentration, time, and careful attention. According to Shah (2012), the following principles should be considered when creating good interview or survey questions:
Keep the questions short and simple
Avoid leading questions and double-negatives
Never ask hypothetical questions
Organize the questions so that they flow in the appropriate order
The questions should be specific rather than provoking multiple ideas at once
Biblical Integration
Two verses that specifically come to mind when thinking about research questions and ensuring the right questions are asked are found in Proverbs (New Living Translation, 1996, Proverbs 2:2, 14:15). These verses specifically lend advice to desiring knowledge through prudent steps by being attentive to wisdom and understanding.
References
Baril, K., Post, J., & Spieth, B. No such thing as a bad question: Using rubrics to help students learn from and strengthen failed research questions. CONFRONTING FAILURE, 105.
Goldschmidt, & Matthews, B. (2022). Formulating design research questions: A framework. Design Studies., 78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2021.101062
Gordon, L. (2019). Real research: Research methods sociology students can use. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vUJ_Dw…
Holy Bible – New Living Translation. (2022). YouVersion. (Original work published 1996)
Kumar, S. Creating effective survey questions for marketing research. (2012). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sanjay-Kumar3…
Markowski, B., & Dineen, R. (2018). Lesson plan: characteristics of effective research questions. https://digscholarship.unco.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cg…

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